Apparatus for converting heat into work.



No. 657,392. Patented Sept. 4, 1900;

F. BURGER.

APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING HEAT INTO WORK.

(Application filed Aug. 4, 1898. Beqewed Jlu. 8, 1900.)

(No Model.)

affozulws No. 657,392. Patented Sept. 4, I960.

\ r. BURGER.

APPARATUS FUR CQNVERTING HEAT INTO WORK.

(Application filed Aug. 4, 1898. Benwed Jan. 8, 1900.)

4 Sheets-656st 2 (No Model.)

'F. BURGER.

Patented Sept. 4, I900.

APPARATUS FDR CONVERTING HEAT INTO WORK.

(Application filed Aug. 4, 1898. Renewed In. 8, 1900.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

No. 657-,392. Patented Sept. 4, I900.

F, BURGER. APPARATUSFOR CONVERTING HEAT lNTO WORK. (Application filed Aug. 4, 18 98. Renewed Jan. 8, 1900.) (NglodeL) I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

wohwooc H gm W ' liquid or gaseous FRANZ BURGE R,.OF FORTWAYNE, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR OF THREE-FOURTHS T0 HENRY M. WILLIAMS, 0F- SAME PLACE. APP RATUS FoR'co-NvER'rme SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 657,392, dated September 4,1900. Application filed August 4, 1898. Renewed January 8, 1900. Burial No. 780. 1110 model.)

HEAT m'ro w'oRK.

ficulty in manipulating the valves, enabled to maintain the pressure Ta all whom it may concern-j Be it known that I, FRANZ BURGER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Fort been practicable. In carrying out myinvention I may make use of various diiferent apparatus and details of apparatus and will now describe one which has proved to be eifective, reference being had to the accompany1ng.drawings, in whichiea specification.v

1 he object of'my-inven tion is to avoid the loss of power resulting from the ordinary methods of. the heat-energy of fuel mode of'converting work. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation. Fig. '3 is a reverse side view of the oylinderand adjuncts. Fig. 4 i's-a section on the line 44, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is pres ure, aswell as t0 avoid the difficulties Incident to operating valves pressure. V

To this end. my invention consists in first compresslng-theair to a pressure of about one hundred (100) pounds, more or less, which s much less than what Imeau by excessive pressure, which is sometimes as high as five hundred (500) pounds-as,' for instance, in the The compressed air is ,stored in a reservoir, and the pressure should be maintained therein substantially uniform the'working pressure desired in the cyl- Air fromthe reservoir is alone into. the cylinder at the forward stroke,

' Figs. 6 and-7 are detached detail views. Figs. 4 to Tare on a larger scale thanthe other figures. Fig. 8 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the engine-cylinder and the valve mechanism connected thereto.

In carrying out my invention I make use of a-cylinder l.of any suitable construction containing a piston2, connected by-the' piston and connecting rods 3 5 with the ervoir 14, in which air is stored under comton 2 on its forward-motion, as hereinafter the pressure in the reservoirsay one 'hundred pounds-during the first partof the pistons outward movement. After the piston has moved outward to a certain extent gasis introduced also into the rear end of. the cylinder adjacent to the point where air is flowing t e incoming airis A and causes the burning fuel to follow up't-he moving piston,and thus every particle of car- .bon is consumed and able heating means whereby the infiowing gas are heated, and there is fuel'is out off, andsubsequently thesupply of air, before the has completed its outward stroke. By this means I avoid the loss of energy from big ly compressing the air. There is no difby th lin, and at this point there is arranged a suit-,

carbon,the necessary air for supporting the heat energy or fuel into pression, preferably by the action of the pisalso - 35 between the nozzle and the '4 tion of the mixed flow without; necessarily drawing upon that alreadyin the cylinder, and as the piston.

moves forward the burnedproducts of com- 7 bustio'n are'carried forward with it and impart ';theijhcat to the .air at the rear of the I 5., piston, capsing the continued expansion of th hileujthebunneil products 0L com rried away from the flame, so

i "as homo inte fer'e with the c0inbustion. As IO aresult, every piirticle ofcarbon isconsnmed,

a ngeofegpansinaisobtained irhe charge fis explbded at once, it expansidn'preveints an undue inn t npetgi'iture. v

p Qdi-fierentn eans may be emgployed for healrngfljejlair and gas-as tli'eypass into the 'cylihf cal preferto make use of what I term a rege nerathi filrthat is, a mass of any a niatei ial whicnwm retain heat imparted to fl thjsaine-sshpwn-as a wire screen, which is arrangemen s-ms vaive casing a between Y the'airginlet vulve' ls and'jthefporty in the LGBMQI'LQf theirear-head ofthe piston.

re: .frorit ofi he-regenerator'i t is opiate" 32, th hit-perforated 'only'nearthe' periphery, so;;that 'h'e -faifias it enters the cylinder ,is

driiwntqwardthe walls, thereof.

- -"The tnehinj ector consists of a tube 33,which extends in'toth'e cylinder l'in close proximity to'the perforated plate 32. Within the tube 33 is a nozzle 34 and a plate 35 in front of the nozzle, which nozzle and plate have coinciding perforations, and in the sidesof the tube plate 35 and be- .-yond the latter 'are'perforations 36, so that when the gas is injected through the nozzle and through the perforations toward the end of the tube 33 the fresh air will be drawn into 40 the'tube through the perforations 36, the pres once of fresh air at this point being insured by the arrangement of the plate 32 with its pertoratious near the periphery. J

As there. must be a'spaee for the combusgases, but as it is desirable to limit this space, I-place near the endof the pip'e'33 a mass of broken-up or'granular material 41, which is preferably capabl'e of retaihiug the heat imparted toit by the combustion of the gases. For instance, the matsrial may be wire screen or broken fire-brick,

body of the cylinder, and the heat of the material tends to greatly increase the heat of T the fuel and facilitate the combustion with increased economical results, and, further, after the engine has been running fora short time the said material serves practically as 'an'igniter. Y 1 e In order to ignite the gases in the first instance, I provide a specialigniter 40, which, as shown, is a coil of platina wire intervenin'g between terminals 37 39 in circuit with anysuitable source of electricity, which circuit, however, may be broken after the mapliances, ,penseand difiicultyin connectionwith gasf zengin'esof high power. I charge the reservoir l-t by means of ev l ieat'ener'gy of the fuel is'converted' into paratusi-as,

plunger 46 of-which This not only affords a space for the combustionof the gases, but serves to pro vent them from passing'too freely into .the'

te'rial 41 has become incandescent or hostel) tothe desired extent. duced in the first instance from the reservoir 14 under a pressure of about one hundre pounds, this is sufficient to As the .air i'siutro 1 start the engine without the use ofthe ordinary starting ap- In the construction shown thepiston 2, air-passing into the forwardend ofthe cylinder through a channcl9, provided p j' 8c witha spring-seated valve 10 and passing out through a casing 7, containing a valve 12, which lifts under the outflow of the air, the latter passing -.from the casing 7 through a pipe 1i-3','having a b'ranchcommunicating with the reservoir 14 andanother branclnprovid ed,

with a hand-valve 15, communicating with which are often the OGGitSlOIlrQfOX- the casing a through'fa port 17 below; the 1 valve 18. I 1

I The gaseous fuel is forced into the injectorpipe 33 by means of any suitable forcing apfor instance, apump P-the v is operated .from an cecentricon thef'shaft 11, so constructed as to avoidthe use of agate-compressingchamber,

the plunger'46'being forced outwardlto coinpress the gases the piston 2 moves forward,

and I have tie-constructed thcpump that this my be done without any material -dimin.u tion in the pressure of the gasrlhus the pump-cylinder '42 has at its head asuctionthe fuel-supply pipe 49, the valve seatingnnder the pressure of a spring, soasKtori-se when the plunger 46 moves outward; On the return movement of the plunger thehmlve 48 seats and acheck-valve 50, closing achannel 51 in the head 47 of the piston, rises, permitting the gas .to pass intothe contracted space52 back of the said;head and around the plunger, in which space it is compressed to the desiredextent as outward:

the plunger moves.

1 0c valve 48, closing the port communicating with As a means of controlling the engine I ,pro-

vide-for cutting off the fuel-supply when-the speed becomes toogreat, as bynieans of a valve 43 ,in the channel between the-pump and the pipe 33, which valve is controlled in any suitable manner by means of agovernor. One governor construction is illustrated in.

the drawings and will now be described; To the eccentric-rod 45'is. pivote'd'at 53 a tappet-arm N, provided with tappets O Q, ,between which extends a wrist-pin p upon a crankearm H of a stationary stud L. On one side of the armII is a pawl j, which engages with a cam plate or disk B, fastened to the sleeve T, rocking on the com d. A pin in Fig. 7. In front of the cam-plate B and and over the edge of this eccentric extends the end of the pawl j;-

pivoted the governing-rod studL, carrying a. R projects from the cam-plate B and serves as a stop, for the arm II, as shown To'the eccentric C is 54, extending to 3" loose on the stud L turns a-loose eccentric C,

the valve 43, thereby latter to the left,

emcee 8 the governor 55,.the movement of which turns the eccentric to different positions. When the arm H is pushedby. the t'appets 0 Of from one side to the other, the ,pawl wlllengage roller 56 on a rod 57011 ope'uingthe latter. As the pawl travels farther to the leftits cou' which acts upon the tact with the edge of the eccentric C lifts it away from the shoulder of'the cam-plate B, liberating the latter, which is thenforced to the right by means of a weight or spring-as,

for instance, a spring, s aming upon the end:

of a rod D, pivotedto'thecam-plate, as shown in Figs To -prevent :too sudden a move-,'

be too'highly compressed, and I therefore provideareturn ipe GO,communicatingwith the through thecasing a, haust-port a2,

cylinder and withithe supply-piped!) and placeiu this return-pipe aself-acting valve.

48?, compressed by an adjustable spring 59 andwhich' will lift underexcessive pressure, according to the adjustment of the spring, and permit the gas to passback'to the su pplypi pe. i The spent gases are' discharged by the re-. turn movement ofthe piston.2,- beiugforced through the perforationsiot the plate 32,

and out through an excoutrollcd by a valve 61. As the spent gases in their discharge pass in contact with the regenerating materials ll-and 31 the latter receive the heat ofthe gases, which is thereby ntilizedfor heatingtheincomin'g air and fuel and for maintaining the material 41 in an incandescent condition, so as todis- .peuse with the necessity of an additional constant igniter, i u The exhaust-valve 61 is normally maintained in its seatby a'spring'73 and is lifted by a cam ontheshaft' 11', which'cam acts upon a piv'oted arm t4, connected by a rod 63, extending to a bell-crank lever 62, one arm of which projects beneaththe stein of the valve 61;

The admission of air from the pipe 13 to the cylinder 1 is controlled by the cam 65 on the shaft 11, which camacts npon-anarm20, connectedby a 'spring74 with the arm 64 and also connected. by a 0onnecting-rod '22 with a lever 23, from which a rod 24 extends to an arm 25 upon a rock-shaft 26, which passes into the valve-casing a. Au arm- 27 upon the shaft 26"bears' upon the stud 28 upon the side of the stemjof the valve 18, and when the shaft 26 is rocked it depresses the said-valveand permits the compressed air to pass to the cylinder.

Thc partsare so adjusted that the valve by'the change in;

lS'will he opened its dead-center.

Without limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangement of claim as my inventioni 1. In an apparatus for utilizing the heat energy of fuel, the cmnbinatiou of a cylinder and piston, means for supplying the cylinder with compressed air alone during the'first portion of the forward movement of the piston, means for thereafter injecting a fuel into the cylinder and mixing it with a portion of the incoming air, means for heating the incoming air and substantially as set forth.

piston of a gas-engine, of means for supplyportion of the forward'inovemeut piston of a gas eugine, of a regenerator arranged between the cylinder and the exhaustport, means for passing compressed air through the regenerator into the cylinder, means for injecting fuel under pressure into the cylinder and mixing cylinder, and an igniter against .vihich the mixture forth. l

4. Thecombination with the cylinder and piston of a gas-engine, of a casing on the cylinder containing an inlet-port provided with of compressed air and with the cylinder, and

. also provided with an exhaust port and valve,

a regenerator'betweeu the exhaust-port and cylinder through which the compressed air passes, to the cylinder, means for injecting fuel under pressure into the cylinder and mixing it with a portion of. the incoming air before its entrance into the cylinder, and an igniter against which 'the mixture is discharged, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination with the cylinder and piston of a gas-engine, of a valved inlet-port communicating with a reservoir of compressed air and the cylinder, a disk supported in the cylinder in front of the inlet-port and having a solid central portion and outer pertforated portion concentric therewith, and a fuel-injector supported" within the cylinder in close proximity to the disk and receiving the airflowing through some of the perfora tions in the disk, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

. 6. -The combination with-the cylinder and fuel, and meaus for igniting the mixture,

heating the incomwhen the crank 6 is upon parts shown, I

concurrently with the air 2. The combination with a cylinder and iug compressed airalone tdthe cylinder durthereafter injecting I 3. The combination with the cylinder and too it with a portion of the incoming air before its entrance into the .105 is discharged, substantially as set a valve and-communicating with a reservoir piston of a gas-engine, of a casing on the cylinder containing an inlet-port provided with a valve and communicating with a reservoir of compressed air and with the cylinder and provided also with'a valved exhaust-port, a regenerator between "the exhaust-port and cylinder through which the compressed air passes to the cylindeiga disk supported in the cylinderadjacent to the inlet-port, said disk having a solid central portion opposite the inlet-port and a concen ric perforated the cylinder and piston, of means t0 introduce compressed air to the cylinder, a disk imity to thesaid disk haying openings i'egissupported in cyiinder'and having a 56 m" ,eentraifportion and azconcentric perforated 2o portion throngh whichiatter the air passes to the cylinder, a fuel-injector in close prox iering with openings inthe disk, means-to supply fuelto the injector, a vaiveis inthe 2 5 fuel-suppiypassage, and a governor on the casing .to eontroi the movementof thevalve,

substantiallylas and for-the purpose specified.

In testimony,whereof '1 have signed 1113- name to this specification in the presence of 30 two subscribing witnesses;

FRANZ BURGER:

\Vitnessesz I J. M. KEYSER, "GEO. K ToRREnom 

